Maria Either: Wartime Caretaker

I apologize for neglecting Keepa so badly this week — it may be the end of next week before I catch up with myself and can get back on schedule. In the meantime, here is something I posted last night on the Facebook page for She Shall Be an Ensign. (All other sketches posted there are shorter versions of stories that have been posted earlier to Keepa.

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World War I erupted with startling rapidity in the late summer of 1914. Latter-day Saint missionaries were withdrawn from active war zones as quickly as possible, although a few missionaries would remain in Great Britain and Scandinavia throughout the war. As the elders – and they were all elders, not sisters – left from Germany, Austria, Poland, Lithuania, and other parts of Europe, they appointed priesthood holders in each branch to keep the Saints together and continue the Church organization as well as they could.

In Vienna, Austria, there was no priesthood holder who could be called to guide the small branch there. Instead, the elders appointed Sister Maria Either, a woman in her early 60s, to safeguard the branch records and to do what she could to stay in touch with her fellow Saints until missionaries returned after the war.

I have been unable to learn much about Sister Either – I am uncertain even whether she was married or single, or how long she had been a member of the Church. The official mission history garbles her name (she is called “Mathilda Esther” there), and, as is common in histories written from the perspective of the American elders, information about local Saints during times of war is practically non-existent – if mission records were our only source, it would appear that the Church disappeared in war zones when the missionaries left, and then reappeared when the elders returned.

But of course the few Saints in Vienna passed through the war years, regardless of whether missionaries were there to report their existence. One thin record tells us that the Saints met in each other’s homes, and specifically mentions that the women continued to meet in the absence of priesthood leadership. Exactly who was there, and what role Maria Either played, is, for the time being, unknown to me.

Austria, and particularly its capital, Vienna, continued to suffer after the war. Food was scarce to the point that thousands, especially children, starved to death. Clothing and bedding were utterly unavailable.

The Saints in Switzerland, who themselves had little surplus, were aware that there were Latter-day Saints in Vienna, gathered a great stock of food and clothing and watched for an opportunity to send those goods to their fellow Saints in Austria. That opportunity finally came late in 1919, a full year after the war’s end, when the Red Cross found room in one of its relief trains for the Saints to ship their goods. They entrusted those cartons to Elder Festus M. Fuhriman, the son of Swiss converts and the first elder “from Zion” to return after the war.

He accompanied the Swiss goods to Vienna, and on his arrival began hunting for Latter-day Saints. There were no cabs or streetcars or other means of transportation other than the elder’s shoe leather, and he walked for many hours searching for the Saints at their old addresses …

… and when he finally found them, he found the Sunday School meeting with Sister Maria Either, who had indeed kept the branch together and functioning, and who had kept the records safe. As he reported to his mission president, “She has kept everything in good order, notwithstanding the horrible conditions.” Missionaries returned to Vienna later that year, a Relief Society was organized, and Sister Either served as first counselor in its presidency.

Maria Either died in 1933, at age 80.

What she did, what she endured, who she was, even, remains to be uncovered. What we do know so far is that she was a Latter-day Saint woman, one who was deemed capable of ministering to a group of Latter-day Saints under exceptionally trying circumstances, and one who proved faithful to that trust.

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Regrettably, meanies have stolen content from Keepa in the past! I'm confident you will choose honesty and cite this page like this:

MLA: Parshall, Ardis E. "Maria Either: Wartime Caretaker." Keepapitchin.org, 18 Jun 2015, https://keepapitchinin.org/2015/06/18/maria-either-wartime-caretaker/.

APA: Parshall, A. (2015, Jun 18). Maria Either: Wartime Caretaker. Keepapitchinin.org. https://keepapitchinin.org/2015/06/18/maria-either-wartime-caretaker/

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3 thoughts on “Maria Either: Wartime Caretaker”

  1. I was puzzled by your statement that Elder Fuhriman had no means of transportation other than foot, and checked on the history of the streetcars in Vienna.

    During World War I, unlike World War II, Vienna was not subjected to either aerial or artillery bombardment. Thus, any reduction in streetcar service was likely due to inability to keep the system in repair–whether through lack of trained mechanics or of materials and spare parts. I found one source that said that by 1917 one-quarter of the stops had been abandoned, but I’ve seen no hint that the system shut down entirely. (That happened during the Battle of Vienna in April 1945, but the system began operating again within a month.)

    I suspect that if Elder Fuhriman had to do his exploration on foot, it may have been due to lack of money to pay the fare.

  2. Perhaps, Mark, but Elder Fuhriman’s report is worded as if no transport was available, not that he couldn’t afford to ride an operational system. Vienna was so short of basic means of survival that even if the cars were in the barns and the rails were I damaged,it doesn’t seem likely to me that the city could provide transportation when they couldn’t feed the people. One report I read yesterday, for instance, said that there were 52,000 more deaths in the city in 1919 than in 1918. (That was a 1920 report and I don’t know whether that figure holds up to modern analysis.) Vienna seems to have had a much worse time in the years after the war than during the war.

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